WPIEI(CC) Position Paper

SPF SANTE PUBLIQUE, SECURITE DE LA CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE ET ENVIRONNEMENT
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13th UN Climate
Change Conference
Bali, 3-15 december 2007
Peter Wittoeck
FOD VVVL – Dienst Klimaatverandering
CCIM Stakeholderconsultatie IX
24 januari 2008
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Bali Climate Change Conference
•
•
•
•
COP.13 - COP/MOP.3
SBI & SBSTA.27
AWG.4 (Resumed)
Grootste VN-Klimaatconferentie ooit:
– 10.828 participants (>100 ministers)
– 188 countries
– 413 NGO’s & IGO’s
– 1.498 journalists
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Belgian Delegation
2 Ministers (Tobback, Huyttebroeck)
4 kabinetsmedewerkers (fed. + gewesten)
5 diplomaten
8 ambtenaren (fed. + gewesten)
2 wetenschappers
2 parlementsleden (Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers)
12 stakeholders (milieubeweging, vakbeweging, werkgevers)
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Korte voorgeschiedenis
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2002 New Delhi (COP.8):
– Post 2012 nog steeds taboe
– Focus van Mitigation (Kyotoprotocol) naar Adaptation
2004 Buenos Aires (COP.10):
– Post-2012: organisatie van Seminar of Governmental Experts (SoGE),
=> mocht niet leiden tot onderhandelingen
– Adaptation centraal: ‘Buenos Aires programme of work on adaptation’
2005 Montreal - Montreal Action Plan (COP.11/CMP.1):
– Kyoto Track (AWG)
= Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I parties
= officieel onderhandelingsproces
– Convention Track = 4 informele workshops over 2 jaar (“Dialogue”)
=> mocht niet leiden tot onderhandelingen
– Protocol Review (article 9) / Russian proposal
2007 Bali (COP.13/CMP.3)
– Bali Action Plan => start officieel onderhandelingsproces post 2012 globaal
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Verwachtingen
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Algemeen (1)
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•
•
•
Start van de onderhandelingen over post -2012
Resultaat Bali = Roadmap
Verwachte uitkomst = PROCES
Einddatum 2009 (COP.15/CMP.5 Kopenhagen)
=> nieuw internationaal akkoord
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Algemeen (2)
Raad (Milieu) 30.10.2007
“CALLS UPON all Parties to agree a comprehensive
and inclusive negotiation process at the Bali
climate conference based on a shared vision,
elaborating on the building blocks, including crosscutting issues such as investment and finance, and
establish and follow an ambitious timetable which
should result in a global and comprehensive post2012 agreement by 2009.”
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Algemeen (3)
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• engage all Parties in a comprehensive negotiation process including
Convention and Kyoto tracks,
• reaching a global and comprehensive post-2012 agreement by 2009,
• building on and broadening the architecture of the Kyoto Protocol.
• agree a roadmap establishing an overarching process
• establishing a work programme
• providing interim milestones (2008) to review progress,
• exploiting synergies and taking care of inter-linkages between the
tracks.
• consistency with the level of ambition set out in our Spring Council
conclusions.
• push as far as we can towards our preferred shared vision in line with
2°C objective.
• ensure that substance of 8 “building blocks” is covered, as well as
finance.
• ensure synergies between all elements and negotiation tracks.
• establish a more intense programme of meetings.
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Bouwstenen
Raad (Milieu) 30.10.2007:
1. further developing a shared vision to reach the ultimate objective
(…);
2. agreeing on deeper absolute emission reduction commitments by
developed countries;
3. facilitating further fair and effective contributions by other
countries;
4. extending the carbon market, (…)
5. increasing cooperation on technology research, development,
diffusion, deployment and transfer;
6. enhancing efforts to address adaptation;
7. addressing emissions from international aviation and maritime
transportation, (…);
8. reducing emissions from deforestation and enhancing sinks by
sustainable forest management and land use practices;
+ (…) mobilise the necessary finance in the most efficient and effective
way as part of a global and comprehensive post-2012 framework;
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Convention Dialogue
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• follow-up of the Dialogue will contribute to the Bali Roadmap,
together with other negotiation tracks, making it possible to
adopt a global and comprehensive agreement in 2009.
• manageable follow-up process to the Dialogue that allows for
negotiations on the contributions of NAI countries.
• avoid text that rules out any commitments - especially for the
more developed and fast growing NAI parties.
• allow for negotiations based on ideas bought forward during the
dialogue as well as development of these ideas to strengthen
effective implementation of the commitments of all parties.
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AWG
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• ambitious timetable for the completion of its work, ensure that
it is realistic and allows for enough time to complete discussions
effectively, and that it is in line with the timetable of the
broader negotiating process.
• a workplan for 2008 that ensures substantive discussions on
means to achieve mitigation objectives, in particular the future
of the flexible mechanisms, possible inclusion of additional
sectors and a preparation for differentiating emission reduction
targets at the final stage.
• ensure that AWG results can be utilised in the Article 9 Review
and vice versa in order to work efficiently and avoid duplication.
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Kyoto Protocol Review
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• proper consideration of the scope and content
• review to take place at CMP4 to have the necessary issues in the
negotiation table for further work in 2009.
• build upon and broaden the Kyoto Protocol architecture
• strong consistency and synergy between the negotiations under
Article 9, AWG, the follow–up to the Dialogue and the overarching
post-2012 process and its substance.
• Link part of the Russian Proposal to the review.
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EGTT
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• continuation of near-medium term activities relating to
implementation of the existing technology transfer framework
(4/CP.7)
• provide the basis for negotiating elements of a technology
building block as part of a post 2012 framework for agreement
in 2009.
• signal that we are prepared to scale up support for technology
cooperation as part of a comprehensive, fair and effective post
2012 agreement.
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Deforestation
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• initiating pilot activities, indicative modalities, further
methodological work
• process to explore possibilities within an overall post-2012
agreement
• Scope: explore the consideration of forest degradation during
the pilot phase. Sustainable Forest Management and
stabilisation could be taken up in the development of national
reference emission levels.
• Accounting should be carried out at the national level.
• Financing & Early action will have to be seen in combination
with the overall post-2012 package of commitments.
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Financial Mechanism
WPIEI(CC) Position Paper:
• initiate the fourth review
• ensure to follow the same process as before, i.e. basically
sticking to the guidelines of decision 3/CP.4 which relate to the
objectives, the methodology and the criteria for the review.
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Resultaten
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‘The Bali Roadmap consists of a number of fowardlooking decisions adopted today. These decisions
represent various tracks that are essential to reaching a
secure climate future’
Rachmat Witoelar, COP-president, closing plenary
‘Bali Roadmap’ tracks:
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•
•
+
Bali Action Plan = Follow-up Convention Dialogue
AWG
Second Review of KP (art.9)
EGTT, Financial Mechanism, REDD
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Bali Action Plan
(1)
• Launch a comprehensive process […] in order to reach an
agreed outcome and adopt a decision at its fifteenth
session [2009] by addressing:
– A shared vision, including a long-term goal for emission
reductions
– Mitigation, Adaptation,Technology & Finance
• Establish a subsidiary body, knows as the Ad Hoc Working
Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action, that shall
complete its work in 2009
• Process begin without delay; first session no later than April
2008
• Stocktaking of the process at COP.14
• Process to be informed by science and by internal and
external processes
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Bali Action Plan (2)
Mitigation Building Block
• Measurable, Reportable and verifiable […] mitigation
commitments, including QELROs, by all developed Parties,
while ensuring the comparability of efforts among them, [...]
• […] mitigation actions by developing countries in the context of
sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology,
financing and capacity building,in a reportable and verifiable
manner
• Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
• Sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions
• Various cost-effective approaches, including markets
• Economic and social consequences of response measures
• Strengthen the catalytic role of the UNFCCC
FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU
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Bali Action Plan (3)
Adaptation Building Block
• International cooperation to support urgent implementation of
adaptation actions […] urgent and immediate needs of LDCs and
SIDS
• Risk management and risk reduction strategies (including
insurance)
• Disaster risk reduction and means to address loss and damage in
developing countries
• Economic diversication to build resilience
• Strengthen the catalytic role of the UNFCCC
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Bali Action Plan (4)
Technology Building Block
• Scaling up of the development and transfer of technology to
developing countries
• Accelerate deployment, diffusion and transfer of affordable
environmentally sound technologies
• Cooperation on research and development
• Mechanisms and tools for technology cooperation in specific
sectors
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Bali Action Plan (5)
Finance Building Block
• Improved access to adequate, predictable and sustainable
financial resources
• Provision of new and additional resources
• Positive incentives for developing country parties for the
enhanced implementation of mitigation strategies and adaptation
actions
• Innovative means of funding for adaptation
• Incentivise adaptation based on SDPAMs
• Public and private sector funding and investment
• Support for capacity building in the assessment of adaptation
costs
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AWG
(1)
Shared Vision:
• global emissions need to peak in the next 10 to 15 years and be
reduced to very low levels, well below half of levels in 2000 by
the middle of the 21st century in order to stabilise their
concentrations at the lowest levels assessed by the IPCC to date.
• recognized that (…) AR4 indicates that achieving the lowest levels
assessed by the IPCC to date and its corresponding potential
damage limitation would require Annex I Parties as a Group to
reduce emissions in a range of 25-40 per cent below 1990 by
2020
Opm.: Om 2°C binnen bereik te houden moeten de genoemde
lowest levels worden gehaald
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AWG
(2)
Work program and schedule:
2008
• Analysis of means available to Annex 1: emission trading,
project based mechanismis, rules LULUCF, GHG sectors and
sources, sectoral approaches, ways to enhance the effectiveness
of those means
• Relevant methodological issues, incl estimating emissions and
global warming potential
• Potential environmental, economic and social consequences,
including spill-over effects
• Mitigation potential and ranges
• Scale of emission reductions (initiate)
2009
• quantitative limitation or reduction commitments,
• duration of the commitment period
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Kyoto Protocol Review
• Preparatory process: scope and content Review CMP 4
• Extending the share of proceeds to JI and IET to assist in
meeting the costs of adaptation
• to inscribe Commitments for Annex I
• Privileges and Immunities
• Scope, effectiveness and functioning of flexible mechanisms,
including geographical distribution of CDM
• Minimization of adverse effects, including adverse effects of
climate change
• Input from the AWG on ‘means’
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EGTT
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•
•
•
EGTT-mandaat hernieuwd
Post-2012 mee in EGTT-mandaat
Nu ook op SBI-agenda (finance!)
GEF werkt een strategic programme uit voor financiering van
TT
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Deforestation
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Undertake demonstration activities asap
indicative guidance
Capacity building, technology transfer and technical assistance
SBSTA Program of work on methodological issues regarding
policy options
• Mobilize resources to support these efforts
• Consideration of forest degradation , forest conservation &
sustainable forest management
• Reductions should be assessed on the basis of national emissions
/ Subnational approaches only as a step towards national
approaches;
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Financial Mechanism
• Tot heden = GEF
• Nu: bredere benadering (cf. BAP Finance BB)
• Improve the complementarity with other sources of
investment and financial flows
• examining relevant sources and means of financing,
• scaling up the level of resources;
• enabling environments for catalysing technology
investment and transfer
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Evaluatie
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Volledig bereikte doelstellingen
• a comprehensive negotiation
– BAP = onderhandelingsproces
• engage all Parties
– Onderhandelingen over vergelijkbare verbintenissen van
ALLE industrielanden (BAP + AWG)
– Onderhandelingen over inspanningen van ontwikkelingslanden
(BAP)
• inter-linkages between the tracks/synergies between all
elements and negotiation tracks.
– BAP informed by internal and external processes
– REDD, TT, Financial Mechanism: post 2012 framework
• agreement by 2009
– BAP & AWG eindigen in 2009
• more intense programme of meetings
– BAP & AWG: 4 meetings/jaar
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Gedeeltelijk bereikte doelstellingen
• level of ambition/shared vision in line with 2°C objective.
– AWG: usefullness of IPCC WGIII AR4:
•
•
•
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IPCC lowest stabilisation levels
Peaking next 10-15 yrs.
Globally well below 50% (2050)
25-40% (2020) Annex I
MAAR geen heel expliciete bevestiging als doelstelling
– BAP: shared vision voorwerp van onderhandelingen
• substance of 8 “building blocks”, as well as finance.
– Aviation/maritime transport gedekt door “sectoral”?
– Alle overige BB adequaat afgedekt
• establishing a work programme
– AWG: gedetailleerd werkprogramma
– BAP: indicatief tijdsschema
geen koppeling met building blocks
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Niet bereikte doelstellingen
• roadmap establishing an overarching process
– Geen overkoepelende beslissing, enkel verklaring COPvoorzitter
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Next steps
• Intense 2 year negotiation process :
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4 sessions/year
Submissions
Workshops
Intersessionals
Additional funding needed for the process (6,3 MUSD)
Tight schedule!
COP 16 (2010 Belgian Presidency) is ‘COP of last chance’
Heeft België de nodige middelen??
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Dank u!
www.climatechange.be
peter.wittoeck@health.fgov.be